Patient demographics and clinical characteristics
| Controls | Active UC | UC in remission | |
| Patients | 47 | 36 | 28 |
| Females, n (%) | 22 (47) | 15 (42) | 14 (50) |
| Age: median; range | 59 (23–87) | 38 (18–70) | 54 (28–75) |
| Active smokers, n (%) | 13 (28) | 2 (6) | 2 (7) |
| PSC, n (%) | 1 (2) | 4 (11) | 2 (7) |
| Years since UC diagnosis: median; range | NA | 12 (0–34) | 21 (5–48) |
| Mayo endoscopy score* 0, n (%) | NA | 6 (17) | 27 (96) |
| Mayo endoscopy score* 1, n (%) | NA | 22 (61) | 1 (4) |
| Mayo endoscopy score* 2, n (%) | NA | 7 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Mayo endoscopy score* 3, n (%) | NA | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Sandborn histological score† 0, n (%) | NA | 9 (27) | 14 (54) |
| Sandborn histological score† 1, n (%) | NA | 9 (27) | 9 (35) |
| Sandborn histological score† 2, n (%) | NA | 12 (36) | 3 (12) |
| Sandborn histological score† 3, n (%) | NA | 3 (9) | 0 (0) |
| Medication; 5-ASA, n (%) | NA | 31 (86) | 16 (57) |
| Medication; AZA, n (%) | NA | 5 (14) | 1 (4) |
| Medication; TNFα inhibitor, n (%) | NA | 1 (3) | 1 (4) |
*Refers to the sigmoid colon.
†Available for 33/36 active UC and 26/28 UC in remission. Refers to the sigmoid colon.
5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; AZA, azathioprine; NA, not applicable; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor-alpha.